| Fabaceae |
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 EHRH_ var_ nigra (L_) EHRH_jpg.jpg){kind=small}
Vicia sativa L. subsp.nigra (L.) EHRH. var. nigra (L.) EHRH. |
 Vicia sativa L. subsp.nigra (L.) EHRH. var. nigra (L.) EHRH. |
Vicia L. |
| V. sativa L., Sp. PL 736 (1753). Zhukovsky, La Turquie Agricole, 382-402 (1933); Mettin & Hanelt in Kulturpfl. 12:163-225 (1964); Yamamoto in Mem. Fac. Agric. Kagawa Univ. 21:1-104 (1966). Hairy to subglabrous annual, 20-80(-100) cm, decumbent to erect or climbing. Leaflets (2-)4-8(-9)-paired, usually 10-40x2-15 mm, linear or lanceolate to oblong or obovate, rarely deeply toothed. Stipules semi-hastate, dentate; tendrils generally branched. Flowers l-2(-3), axillary, (10-)14-27(-30) mm, pale pink to purplish violet, rarely white, short-pedicelled, very rarely short-peduncled. Calyx 7-20 mm, campanulate-tubular, nearly regular, pubescent; teeth (3-)5-l 1(-14) mm, subequal, linear-subulate or lanceolate. Legume (25-)35-65(-70) x 5-9(-12) mm, linear, somewhat beaked, usually ± pubescent; sometimes also with subterranean, 1-2-seeded fruits. Seeds (of aerial legumes) usually 6-12, smooth, 2-7 mm diam., hilum short. Fl. 3-5(-6). This wild and cultivated, cosmopolitan species is one of the most variable (genetically and phenotypically) in the genus. Five main taxa, at subspecific rank, can be distinguished in the complex. The variability in all taxa, or populations, of V. sativa is homologous, parallel, and consequently overlapping; many of the subdivisions are known to interbreed with each other, at least to some extent. The species shows considerable variation in almost every trait, but particularly in leaflet morphology and in basic chromosome number. 1. Flowers and fruits dimorphic; stems aerial and subterranean, the latter bearing rudimentary flowers producing 1-2-seeded fruits below ground subsp. amphicarpa 1. Flowers and fruits monomorphic, all borne on aerial stems 2. Legumes 9-11 mm broad, with coriaceous, prominently veined, dark brown or blackish, often pubescent legumes; corolla 20-30 mm subsp. macrocarpa 2. Legumes narrower, with thinner valves, yellowish-brown to blackish; corolla 14-27 mm 3. Legumes ± torulose, 45-70 x 6-10 mm: seeds 4.5-7 mm; calyx teeth usually 5-11 mm; corolla 20-26 mm; leaflets (5-)6-3(- 9)-paired. linear or oblong to obovate, truncate subsp. sativa 3. Legumes not torulose, usually smaller, less than 6.5 mm broad; seeds 2-5 mm; calyx teeth usually shorter or much longer than 6 mm; leaflets acutish to emarginate, 4-7-paired 4. Leaflets usually (6-)10-14 mm broad: calyx 12-20 mm. teeth 6-12 mm; corolla 17-26 mm; seeds 4-5 mm (sturdy plants) subsp. incisa 5. Some or all of the leaflets incised-dentate, all broadly cuneate-obovate; corolla usually concolorous var. incisa 5. All leaflets entire, oblong to obovate-cuneate; corolla usually bicolored var. cordata 4. Leaflets usually less than 10 mm broad; calyx 7-12(-13) mm, teeth c. 2.5-8 mm; corolla 10-20 mm; seeds 2-4(-5) mm subsp. nigra 6. Leaflets generally 1-6 mm broad, linear to oblanceolate or oblong, sometimes elliptic, acute to retuse; calyx 7-12 mm,teeth 2.5-7 mm; corolla, (10-) 14-20 mm; plant slender var. nigra 6. Leaflets 4-10 mm broad, oblong-linear to oblong-obovate, acutish to notched; calyx (8-)10-12(-13) mm, teeth 4-8 mm; corolla 17-22 mm; plant robust var. segetalis Subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. in Hannover. Mag. 1780 (15): 229 (1780). var. nigra. Syn: V. sativa L. var. angustifolia L., Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 2:255 (1755) in obs.; V. sativa L. var. nigra L., Sp. P1. ed. 2, 1037 (1763); V. sativa L. subsp. angustifolia (L.) Aschers. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2):971 (1909). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 250 (1903); Guinea (op. cit.) 26, t. (1953). 2n = 12. Rocky calcareous slopes, screes, fields, s. 1.-1900 m; wild and cultivated. Described from Europe. Scattered. A2(E) Istanbul: San Stefano (Yeşilköy), 13 v 1898, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Chifas, Djiidjii, 31 v 1900, Azn.! A8 Çoruh: Artvin, M. Zohary & Plitm. 256325! Rize: Hemşin, 200 m, Stainton 8250! A9 Kars: Selim to Sari-kamiş, 1900 m, D. 30674! B7 Erzincan: E of Erzincan, M. Zohary & Plitm. 266412! & 266428! C3 Antalya: Antalya, Tengwall 426! C4 Konya: Konya to Çumra, Helbaek 2602! C8 Diyarbakir: Diyarbakir to Mardin, M. Zohary & Plitm. 196827! 196841! Mardin: 10-12 km W of Savur, 900 m, D. 42455! Is: Samos, E of Tigani, Gathorne-Hardy 682! Also recorded from the provinces of Ankara, Erzurum, Muş, Tunceli and Hatay. |