Vicia villosa subsp. villosa

Fabaceae

Vicia villosa
subsp. villosa

Vicia L.
Vicia villosa ROTH subsp. villosa ROTH
Ömür: Tek veya İki yıllık
Yapı: ot
Hayat formu:
İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 3
Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 7
Habitat: kayalık yerler, tarlalar, kıyılar, yaş yerler
Minimum yükseklik: 3
Maksimum yükseklik: 1700
Endemik: -
Element: ?
Türkiye dağılımı: Yaygın
Genel dağılımı: O. ve G. Avrupa, O. ve G. Rusya, Kırım, GB. Asya
Bulunduğu kareler :A1 A2 A3 A4 A8 B1 B2 B4 B7 B8 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9

V. villosa Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2:182 (1795).
Annual or biennial, villous or adpressed-pilose to almost glabrous, 15-9O(-12O) cm, climbing or procumbent. Leaflets 4-10-paired, 0.3-3.5 cm, oblong-ovate to narrowly linear; stipules semi-hastate or sagittate to lanceolate; tendrils branched. Peduncle as long as the leaf or shorter, 3-40-flowered. Pedicels l-2(-3) mm. Flowers 12-22 mm, violet-blue or ± blue. Calyx 5-8 mm, strongly gibbous, with an oblique mouth, villous to sparsely pilose-pubescent; teeth shorter to longer than tube, narrowly subulate to lanceolate-triangular, ciliate or glabrescent. Limb of standard | to nearly as long as the claw; keel navicular. Style laterally subcompressed. Legumes oblong or oblong-rhomboid. (l.5-)2-3(-3.5) × (0.5-)0.6-1(1.2) cm, glabrous or pubescent. Seeds (l-)2-8, hilum 1/6-1/12 of perimeter.
A very polymorphic species. Four overlapping subspecies (as recognised in Fl. Eur. 2:132) occur in our area; the taxonomic situation is particularly puzzling in W. Anatolia and the neighbouring islands.
1. Stems ± villous; leaflets usually 7-10-paired, elongate, never obtuse; stipules up to 5 mm broad: raceme 10-30-flowered; lower calyx tooth at least as long as tube, ciliate; limb of standard at least f as long as claw; legume glabrous subsp. villosa
1. Stems glabrescent or adpressed-pilose; leaflets 4-10-paired; stipules less than 3 mm broad: racemes (3-)5-15-flowered; lower calyx tooth generally shorter than tube, usually subglabrous; limb of standard 1/2 as long or nearly as long as claw: legume glabrous or pubescent
2. Leaflets linear-oblong, (4-)6-10-paired, some often longer than 17 mm; raceme 5-15-flowered; standard violet, limb 1/2-2/3 as long as claw
3. Ovary and mature legume glabrous subsp. dasycarpa
3. Ovary and legume persistently pubescent subsp. eriocarpa
2. Leaflets ± elliptic, 4-7-paired, shorter than 17 mm; raceme 3-7-flowered, lax; corolla 14-22 mm, ± blue, often yellow-tinged, standard at least § as long as claw (legume glabrous or pubescent) subsp. microphylla
subsp. villosa. Figure 3, p. 323. Syn: V. reuteriana Boiss. & Buhse, Aufz. 73
(1860). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 234 (1903); Guinea, op. cit. 119, t.
(1953). 2n = 14. Fl. (l-)3-7. Rocky places, fields (most commonly), banks, damp
places, 3-1700 m.
Described from Vegesak in Germany.
Widespread. 'Kurdistan', 1840, Strangways! A1(E) Tekirdağ to Malkara, 3-50 m, Dudley, D. 34558! A2(E) Istanbul: Kağithane, 11 vi 1917, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Polonezköy, 29 vi 1940, B. Post! A4 Kastamonu: d. Tosya, Karadere to Devrende, Sint. 1892:4574! A8 Erzurum: Tortum, 1650 m, D. 47496 (and cult. Edinb.)! B7 Erzincan: N of Pülümür, Orshan & Plitmann 4173! B8 Bingöl: Muş to Erzurum, Kotschy 822! B9 Van: Van, Maunsell! C1 Muğla: Selimiye, 170 m, D. 40731a! C3 Antalya: Hafis Paşa, 800 m, Tengwall 735! C5 Adana: Adana to Ceyhan, 20 m, D. 42257! C6 Hatay: Iskenderun to Antakya, nr. Amik G., D. 27155! C8 Siirt: Botan Çay, 19 km from Siirt, 400 m, D. 43231!
Mainly C. & S. Europe, C. & S. Russia, Crimea, S.W. Asia, frequently cultivated. Intermediates occur between subsp. villosa and subsp. dasycarpa in Turkey, e.g.: A2(A) Istanbul: Kartal to Yakacik, 12 v 1895, Azn.!
subsp. dasycarpa (Ten.) Cav. in Ann. Cons. et Jard. Bot. Geneve 11/12:21 (1907-8). Syn: V. dasycarpa Ten., Rel. Viagg. Abruz. 81 (1829); V. varia Host, Fl. Austr. 2:332 (1831); V. villosa Roth var. glabrescens Koch, Syn. 194 (1837). Ic: Fiori, Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2176 (1899); Guinea, op. cit. 123, t. (1953). Fl. 1-6. Quercus woods, edge of fields, s.1.-900 m; sometimes cultivated.
Type: [Yugoslavia] Istria maritima inter segetes, ad sepes.
Turkey-in-Europe, N.W. & S.W. Anatolia. A2(E) Istanbul: Belgrad forest, Kayacik 118! A3 Bolu: Yigilca, 350 m, Kühne 2674! C2 Muğla: Marmaris, 5m, D. 25306! C3 Isparta: nr. Isparta, 900 m, Reese 2479, A. & T. Baytop 4236!
S. & C. Europe, N. Africa. Palestine. Turkish material of this subspecies usually has a more slender habit, smaller, less numerous flowers, and smaller
+ We are indebted to R. D. Meikle (Kew), for his opinion on the identity and status of much of the material of V. villosa treated here,
leaves than in Europe, thereby approaching subsp. eriocarpa, which is much more widespread in Anatolia.
subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P. W. Bail in Feddes Rep. 79:45 (1968). Figure 3, p. 323. Syn: V. varia Host var. eriocarpa Hausskn. in Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. n.s. 5:87 (1893); V. salaminia Heldr. & Sart. var. stenophylla Hausskn. in Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. n.s. 5:88 (1893); ?V. salaminia Heldr. & Sart. subsp. macro-phyllaha Cand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 45:187 (1898); V. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) Hal., Consp. Fl. Graec. 1:489 (1900). Fl. 3-7. Pinus forest, macchie, hedges, banks, fields, nr. water, s. 1.-1750 m.
Syntypes: [Greece] in dumosis ad radicem Hymetti: in collibus ad Akro- et Neo-Korinthum, supra Naupliam; in P.D. reg. infer. pr. mon. Korona, [Hauss-knecht].
Mainly Turkey-in-Europe, N.W., W. & S. Anatolia, Islands. A1(E) Edirne: 5 km S E of Bahçeköy (3 km ESE of Çamlica), Kuru Da.. Bauer & Spitz. 557! A1(A) Çanakkale: Dardanelles, in Rhodus valley, Sint. 1883:46! A2(E) Istanbul: Kiathane to Şişli, 16 vi 1893, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Kartal, iv 1913, B. Post! A3 Bolu: Düzce to Akçakoca, 250 m, D. 37476! B1 Izmir: Kaeşiya (?), 50 m, A. Tanoy 2446! B2 Uşak: 6 miles from Uşak to Sivasli, 900 m, Coode & Jones 2419! B4 Ankara:Orman Çiftlik, Üresin 182 (introduced?)! Cl Izmir: d. Kuşa-dasi, Samsun Da., Kayacık & Yalt. 3440! C2 Muğla: Marmaris, D. 41428! C3 Antalya: d. Elmali, Üçkuyular, 1750 m, Khan et al. 268! C4 Içel: d. Anamur, foot of Kalandöken Da., 100 m, D. 25935! Is: Lesvos, Rech. 5749! 5766! 5500! Khios, Platt 444! Samos, Rech. 3588! Kos, D. 40504! Rodhos, Rech. 7034! 7206 (approaching subsp. microphylla)!
Greece, Aegean, W. Syria, Cyprus, Iran, N. Iraq. It seems probable that V. salaminia Heldr. & Sart. subsp. macrophyllaria Cand., described from Lesvos, provides the earliest epithet for this plant at subspecific rank, but as Candargy's type has been destroyed we have preferred to adopt the name subsp. eriocarpa. This subspecies largely replaces subsp. dasycarpa in much of S.W. Asia (cf. note under that subspecies). Intermediates occur.
subsp. microphylla (d'Urv.) P. W. Ball in Feddes Rep. 79:45 (1968). Syn: V. microphylla d'Urv., Enum. 87 (1822) & Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 1:343 (1822); V. salaminia Heldr. & Sart. in Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(2): 39 (1856); V. villosa Roth var. microphylla (d'Urv.) Fiori in Fiori & Paol., Fl. Anal. Ital. 2:118 (1900), quoad basionym; V. microphylla d'Urv. subsp. eu-microphylla Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Balc. 1:806 (1927); V. microphylla d'Urv. subsp. salaminia (Heldr. & Sart.) Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Balc. 1:8O7 (1927). Fl. (3-)4-5. Siliceous cliffs, 300-500 m.
Type: [Greece: Cyclades] in collibus apricis Meli, d'Urville.
Islands: Ikaria, 1 -5 km N of Ag. Nikolaos, 300-500 m, Runemark & Snogerup 6211! 6251! & Mt. Atheras, 500 m, Rech. 4393 (as V. dasycarpa)!
S. Greece, Aegean Islands. E. Medit. element. The specimens cited are referable to the variant described as V. salaminia, with yellowish-tinged flowers. Subsp. microphylla is recorded by Rechinger (Fl. Aeg. 329-330) from several of the E. Aegean islands, but most of these records are probably referable to subsp. eriocarpa. The following flowering material recently collected in Ikaria is ± intermediate between subsp. microphylla and subsp. villosa: Runemark & Snogerup 7019! 6898! D. 40685! Gathorne-Hardy 598! This is a robust ± villous plant, with elliptic to bluntly oblong leaflets, large dark violet flowers, a very hairy calyx with short teeth, and glabrous or pubescent ovaries. It comes closestto the W. Mediterranean plant originally described as V. ambigua Guss. (V. varia Host subsp. ambigua (Guss.) Arc.), which has often been included in subsp. dasycarpa or subsp. pseudocracca (Bertol.) P. W. Ball.
Two puzzling flowering specimens have been seen from S.W. Anatolia: C2 Muğla: d. Fethiye. Kalkan, 30 m. D. 25493! C3 Antalya: Finike, Forbes 200! These are referable to subsp. microphylla in leaf-shape and inflorescence, but approach V. cretica in the form of their keel (bluntly angled below) and weakly gibbous calyx. They may represent a new taxon.
V. villosa has been much confused in herbaria with V. cracca sensu lato, from which it may be distinguished by its non-perennial habit, strongly gibbous calyx, and longer claw of the standard; V. cracca never has the pubescent fruits found in some forms of V. villosa.