Fabaceae

Vicia sativa subsp. nigra var. nigra.

Vicia L. Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) EHRH. var. nigra (L.) EHRH. Ömür: Tek yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 3 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 5 Habitat: kayalık kireçtaşlı yamaçlar, çağıllıklar, tarlalar Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 1900 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: Türkiye Genel dağılımı: Kozmopolit Bulunduğu kareler :A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 B1 B2 B3 B7 B8 B9 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9

V. sativa L., Sp. PL 736 (1753). Zhukovsky, La Turquie Agricole, 382-402 (1933); Mettin & Hanelt in Kulturpfl. 12:163-225 (1964); Yamamoto in Mem. Fac. Agric. Kagawa Univ. 21:1-104 (1966). Hairy to subglabrous annual, 20-80(-100) cm, decumbent to erect or climbing. Leaflets (2-)4-8(-9)-paired, usually 10-40x2-15 mm, linear or lanceolate to oblong or obovate, rarely deeply toothed. Stipules semi-hastate, dentate; tendrils generally branched. Flowers l-2(-3), axillary, (10-)14-27(-30) mm, pale pink to purplish violet, rarely white, short-pedicelled, very rarely short-peduncled. Calyx 7-20 mm, campanulate-tubular, nearly regular, pubescent; teeth (3-)5-l 1(-14) mm, subequal, linear-subulate or lanceolate. Legume (25-)35-65(-70) x 5-9(-12) mm, linear, somewhat beaked, usually ± pubescent; sometimes also with subterranean, 1-2-seeded fruits. Seeds (of aerial legumes) usually 6-12, smooth, 2-7 mm diam., hilum short. Fl. 3-5(-6). This wild and cultivated, cosmopolitan species is one of the most variable (genetically and phenotypically) in the genus. Five main taxa, at subspecific rank, can be distinguished in the complex. The variability in all taxa, or populations, of V. sativa is homologous, parallel, and consequently overlapping; many of the subdivisions are known to interbreed with each other, at least to some extent. The species shows considerable variation in almost every trait, but particularly in leaflet morphology and in basic chromosome number. 1. Flowers and fruits dimorphic; stems aerial and subterranean, the latter bearing rudimentary flowers producing 1-2-seeded fruits below ground subsp. amphicarpa 1. Flowers and fruits monomorphic, all borne on aerial stems 2. Legumes 9-11 mm broad, with coriaceous, prominently veined, dark brown or blackish, often pubescent legumes; corolla 20-30 mm subsp. macrocarpa 2. Legumes narrower, with thinner valves, yellowish-brown to blackish; corolla 14-27 mm 3. Legumes ± torulose, 45-70 x 6-10 mm: seeds 4.5-7 mm; calyx teeth usually 5-11 mm; corolla 20-26 mm; leaflets (5-)6-3(-9)-paired. linear or oblong to obovate, truncate subsp. sativa 3. Legumes not torulose, usually smaller, less than 6.5 mm broad; seeds 2-5 mm; calyx teeth usually shorter or much longer than 6 mm; leaflets acutish to emarginate, 4-7-paired 4. Leaflets usually (6-)10-14 mm broad: calyx 12-20 mm. teeth 6-12 mm; corolla 17-26 mm; seeds 4-5 mm (sturdy plants) subsp. incisa5. Some or all of the leaflets incised-dentate, all broadly cuneate-obovate; corolla usually concolorous var. incisa 5. All leaflets entire, oblong to obovate-cuneate; corolla usually bicolored var. cordata 4. Leaflets usually less than 10 mm broad; calyx 7-12(-13) mm, teeth c. 2.5-8 mm; corolla 10-20 mm; seeds 2-4(-5) mm subsp. nigra 6. Leaflets generally 1-6 mm broad, linear to oblanceolate or oblong, sometimes elliptic, acute to retuse; calyx 7-12 mm, teeth 2.5-7 mm; corolla, (10-) 14-20 mm; plant slender var. nigra 6. Leaflets 4-10 mm broad, oblong-linear to oblong-obovate, acutish to notched; calyx (8-)10-12(-13) mm, teeth 4-8 mm; corolla 17-22 mm; plant robust var. segetalis subsp. sativa. Syn: V. sativa L. subsp. obovata (Ser.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 4:510 (1829); V. torulosa Jord. in Bor., Fl. Centr. Fr. ed. 3, 2:173 (1857). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 248 (1903). 2n = 12. Rocky and calcareous slopes, corn and fallow fields, waste places, s.1.-1600 m. Described from Europe (Hb. Cliff.! Hb. Linn. 906/20!). Scattered. A1(E) Tekirdağ: 3 miles W of Tekirdağ, 100 m, Coode & Jones 2825! A2(E) Istanbul: Şişli, 20 vii 1893, Azn.! A2(E) Istanbul: Maltepe to Bastance, 1 vi 1890, Azn.! Kocaeli: Gereke to Izmit, 50 m, D. 42020 (corolla creamy)! A4/5 Kastamonu: Paphlagonia, vil. Kastambuli, Sint. 1892:3659! A5 Samsun: Merzifon, Maniss. 1179 (doubtful)! B3 Afyon: 17 km S of Emirdağ to Bolvadin, 1100 m, Coode & Jones 2331! B8 Erzurum: Erzurum, vi 1843, Huet! C2 Muğla: Marmaris, nr. s.l., D. 41424! C3 Antalya: Hafiz Paşa, 800 m, Tengwall 703! C4 Içel: foot of Kaldöken Da., nr. Anamur, 100 m, D. 25934! C5 Içel: Mersin to Tarsus, 3 m, D. 26545! Adana: 10 km from Ceyhan to Misis, 20 m, D. 42245! C6 Gaziantep: Dülük Baba, c. 7 km N of Gaziantep, 1100 m, D. 28055! C8 Mardin: 4 km from Idil to Cizre, 590 m, D. 42939! Also recorded from the provinces of Bingöl, Erzincan, Kütahya and Muş. Widely cultivated for fodder; sometimes persisting as a weed in fields and roadsides ; sometimes apparently wild. Cosmopolitan. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. in Hannover. Mag. 1780 (15): 229 (1780). var. nigra. Syn: V. sativa L. var. angustifolia L., Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 2:255 (1755) in obs.; V. sativa L. var. nigra L., Sp. P1. ed. 2, 1037 (1763); V. sativa L. subsp. angustifolia (L.) Aschers. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2):971 (1909). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 250 (1903); Guinea (op. cit.) 26, t. (1953). 2n = 12. Rocky calcareous slopes, screes, fields, s. 1.-1900 m; wild and cultivated. Described from Europe. Scattered. A2(E) Istanbul: San Stefano (Yeşilköy), 13 v 1898, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Chifas, Djiidjii, 31 v 1900, Azn.! A8 Çoruh: Artvin, M. Zohary & Plitm. 256325! Rize: Hemşin, 200 m, Stainton 8250! A9 Kars: Selim to Sari-kamiş, 1900 m, D. 30674! B7 Erzincan: E of Erzincan, M. Zohary & Plitm. 266412! & 266428! C3 Antalya: Antalya, Tengwall 426! C4 Konya: Konya to Çumra, Helbaek 2602! C8 Diyarbakir: Diyarbakir to Mardin, M. Zohary & Plitm. 196827! 196841! Mardin: 10-12 km W of Savur, 900 m, D. 42455! Is: Samos, E of Tigani, Gathorne-Hardy 682! Also recorded from the provinces of Ankara, Erzurum, Muş, Tunceli and Hatay. var. segetalis (Thuill.) Ser. ex DC, Prodr. 2:361 (1825). Syn: V. segetalis Thuill., Fl. Par. ed. 2. 367 (1799). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 250 (1903); Guinea (op. cit.) 32, t. (1953). Meadows, grassy banks, fields, s.l.-2000 m. Described from near Paris. Scattered, mainly in Outer and E. Anatolia. A1(E) Kirklareli: 24 km S S W of Iğneada, Bauer & Spitz. 286! A2(A) Bursa: 'Gögdere' above Bursa, 200-300 m, Ehrendorfer 62-1/93-20! A3 Bolu: Karacasu, 5 km SW of Bolu, Kühne 940! A6 Samsun: 2 miles E of Samsun, 15 m, Tobey 124! Bl Izmir: Izmir, vi 1932, Schwarz 307 (doubtful)! B2 Kütahya: 2 miles W of Abide to Simav, 700 m, Coode & Jones 2597 (doubtful)! B9 Bitlis: Kisvak Da., 9 km NE of Tatvan, 2000 m, Cheese & Watson 1318! C5 Içel: Corycos, 40 m, Siehe 1895:86! C8 Diyarbakir: NE of Diyarbakir, Zohary & Plitm. 1960212! 1960214! 1960219! C9 Hakkari: Zap gorge, 25 km from Hakkari to Van, 1300 m, D. 44868! Also recorded from the Vilayets of Ankara, Maraş, Bingöl/Muş and Erzincan. Plants intermediate between var. nigra and var. segetalis have been seen from the provinces of Çanakkale, Çorum, Kütahya, Adana, Mardin, Malatya and the Islands. V. sativa var. segetalis is actually intermediate between var. nigra and var. cordata. subsp. incisa (Bieb.) Arc, Comp. Fl. Ital. 201 (1882). var. incisa. Syn: V. incisa Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 3:171 (1819)! V. pimpinel-loides Seb. & Mauri, Fl. Rom. Prodr. 13:35 t. 1 (1818); V. sativa L. var. incisa (Bieb.) Boiss., Fl. Or. 2:574 (1872)! Hills, pathsides, nr. s.l. Type: [Crimea] ex Tauria meridionalis, 1816, Bieberstein (LE!). N.W. Turkey. A2(E) Zekerieköy, 22 v 1898, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Çiftlik, Abraham Paşa, 20 v 1906, Azn.! E. Mediterranean. var. cordata (Wulfen ex Hoppe) Arc, Comp. Fl. Ital. ed. 2:524 (1894). Syn: V. cordata Wulfen ex Hoppe in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. 32:1 (1812); V. cuneata Gren. & Godr., Fl. Fr. 1:459 (1848). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 249 (1903); Guinea (op. cit.) 21 t. (1953). 2n = 10. Quercus scrub, rocky slopes, corn and fallow fields, etc., s.l.-1800 m. Described from Germany. Mainly Outer and E. Anatolia. A2(E) Istanbul: Baltaliman, 17 v 1936, B. Post ! A2(A) Kocaeli: Hereke to Izmit, 30 m, D. 42027 (fl. cream)! A7 Trabzon: dist. Trabzon, Hand.-Mazz. 938! B7 Erzincan: Erzincan to Refahiye, 1800 m, M. Zohary & Plitm. 26601! C1 Muğla: d. Marmaris, Cumali to Cnidus, 50-100 m, D. 41264! C2 Muğla: Yatagan to Gökbel, 300 m, D. 41462! C3 Antalya: Antalya, Tengwall 242! C4 Içel: Mut to Büyük Eğri Da., 800 m. Coode & Jones 902! C6 Maraş: 5 miles S of Andirin to Kadirli, 1000 m, Coode & Jones 1164! C8 Diyarbakir: Diyarbakir to Mardin, M. Zohary & Plitm. 196852! B9 Ağri: Ağri to Doğubayazit, M. Zohary & Plitm. 226227! Is: Samos. between Hagios Kon-stantinos and Nenedes, Rech. 3768! Also from Hatay and Muş-Erzurum. subsp. macrocarpa (Moris) Arc, Comp. Fl. Ital. 201 (1882). Syn: V. sativa L. var. macrocarpa Moris. Fl. Sard. 1:553 (1837); V. macrocarpa Bertol., Fl. Ital. 7:511 (1847); V. morisiana Jord. in Bor., Fl. Centr. Fr. ed. 3, 2:172(1857). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 248 (1903). Corn and fallow fields, hedges: cultivated and spontaneous. Described from Sardinia. N.W. Turkey. A2(E) Istanbul: San Stefano (Yeşilkoy), 7 vi 1895, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Koru. Alem Da., 29 v 1898, Azn.! subsp. amphicarpa (Dorth.) Aschers. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(2): 974 (1909). Syn: V. amphicarpa Dorth. in J. Phys. 35:131 (1789); V. angustifolia L. var. amphicarpa (Dorth.) Alef., Bot. Zeitung 20:362 (1862). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 22: t. 249 (1903); Guinea (op. cit.) 27, t. (1953). Rocky limestone slopes, fallow fields, plantations, s.1.-2000 m. Local in N.W. Turkey, S. & C. Anatolia and Islands. A1(A) Çanakkale: Erenköy, Sint. 1883:159! A2(E) Istanbul: San Stefano (Yeşilköy), 19 iv 1898, Azn.! A6 Tokat: Tokat, 600 m, Bornm. 1889:237c. C3 Antalya: Çakalar (Ça-kirlar ?), 23 iii 1849, Boiss. 1853! C4 Içel: Adras Da., Mut to Ermenek, c. 2000 m, Coode & Jones 1005! Is: Khios, nr. Lithi, Guiol 1825! This is the most distinctive race of V. sativa in Turkey.