Campanulaceae

Asyneuma virgatum subsp. virgatum

Asyneuma virgatum subsp. virgatum

Asyneuma GRSEB. ET SCHENK Asyneuma virgatum (LABILL.) BORNM. subsp. virgatum (LABILL.) BORNM. Ömür: İki yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: kayalık yamaçlar, çayırlıklar, ormanlar, bozkır Minimum yükseklik: 400 Maksimum yükseklik: 2800 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: G. ve Karasal Anadolu Genel dağılımı: Ermenistan, B. İran, Lübnan Bulunduğu kareler:A2 A4 A5 A8 A9 B2 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 C2 C4 C5 C6

A. virgatum (Labill.) Bornm. in Beih. Bot. Centr. 38(2):351 (1921). Biennial, erect (10-)30-70(-170) cm, usually pubescent-scabrid, rarely glabrous.   Stem with leaf rosette, leaves crowded in lower part, rarely stem leafy throughout, simply branched from middle. Rosette-leaves and lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute to ± obtuse, (2-)5-6(-15) x 0.5-l(-3) cm, slightly dentate, often undulate, narrowed into 2-4 cm petiole. Inflorescence mostly simply branched, composed of virgate, interruptedly spicate branches. Flowers in clusters of 2-5, single at apex, subsessile. Bracts lanceolate to broadly ovate. Calyx lobes lanceolate, 2-3(-4) x 1-1.5 mm, erect. Ovary cylindrical, ribbed, glabrous or with stiff white hairs between ribs. Corolla lobes blue-violet. Stigmas 2-3 or 3(-4). Capsule ellipsoid, rarely ± globose, sometimes elongate and constricted at apex, (4-)5-7(-l 1) x 3-4 mm. opening by 3 ± apical pores. Seeds ellipsoid, light to reddish-brown, shiny. 1. Bracts lanceolate; corolla lobes 6-7(-9)x 1-1.5 mm; stigmas 2-3(-4); ovary glabrous, rarely papillose, often elongate and constricted at apex; seeds 1.4-1.8 mm subsp. virgatum 1. Bracts broadly ovate; corolla lobes 8-10 x 1 .5-2 mm; stigmas 3 ; ovary with ± stiff white hairs between ribs, not constricted and elongate; seeds 1 .3-1 .5 mm subsp. cichoriiforme subsp. virgatum. Syn: Campanula virgata Labill., Icon. PI. Syr. 2: 11, t. 6 (1791)! Podanthum virgatum (Labill.) Boiss., Fl. Or. 3:946 (1875)! P. sintenisii Hausskn. ex Bornm. in Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. ser. 2, 20:35 (1905); Asyneuma cappadocicum (Boiss.) Bornm. in Beih. Bot. Centr. 38(2): 340 (1921)! A. brachylobum (Boiss.) Bornm., loc. cit. (1921)! A. leianthum (Trautv.) Bornm., op. cit. 343 (1921)! A. obtusifolium (Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Bornm., op. cit. 346 (1921)! A. aizoon (Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Bornm., loc. cit. (1921)! A. sintenisii (Hausskn. ex Bornm.) Bornm., op. cit. 349 (1921)! A. cilicicum Contandr. et al. in Ann. Univ. Provence, Sci. 46:56 (1971)! Asyneutmopsis stipitatum Contandr. et al., op cit. 46:58 (1971)! Ic: Boissiera 17: f. 46, 50, t. A f. 4-5 (1970). 2n = 20, 20 + B, 24. Fl. 6-8. Rocky slopes, meadows, forests, steppes, 400-2800 m.   Type: [Lebanon] in Libano, Labillardiére (holo. G! iso. G!).   Scattered. S. & Inner Anatolia. A4 Kastamonu: Ilkaz Da. (Ilgaz Da.), 2710 m, Sint. 1892:7773 (type of A. obtusifolium)! A5 Sinop: 13 km W. of Boyabat, 400 m, Sorger 69-16-3! A8 Gümüşane: ravines nr Baibut (Bayburt), Bourgeau 448 (type of A. brachylobum)!. A8/9 Erzurum: d. Olty (Oltu), Olti-tschai (Oltu Çay), Radde 281 (type of A. leianthum)! A/B8 Erzurum: Aşkale to Kop Da. pass, 1900 m, Rech. 37669! B2 Kütahya: Tavşanli to Inegöl, 800 m, Dudley (D. 36136)! B4 Ankara: Ankara, in Kavaklidere, c. 900 m, Bornm. 1929:14369! B6 Sivas: 14 km N. of Sivas, 1350-1500 m, Sorger 69-49-98! B7 Erzincan: Egin (Kemaliye), Sint. 1890:2601 (type of A. sintenisii)! B8 Muş: Murat valley, 26 km from Muş to Varto, 1420 m, D. 46104! B9 Kars: mts. E. of Kağizman, 18-19 km from Akçay to Cumaçay, 2100 m, D. 46779! C4 Konya: d. Ermenek, Ermenek to Balkusan De., D. 16199! C5 Içel: Bulgar Dagh (Bolkar Da.), 1980-2430 m, Kotschy 1853:16c, 48a! C6 Hatay: Medyk Da. towards Antioch (Antakya), 1060 m, Kotschy 1862:137!   Soviet Armenia, W. Iran, Lebanon; Latakia? The following depauperate specimens may belong here: A2(A) Bursa: Ulu Da., 2400-2500 m, D. 14863! C2 Muğla: Girdev Da., 2400 m, D. 14029!   Within the widespread and variable subsp. virgatum many local populations differing in one or some characters can be recognized. In S.E. Anatolia plants with a leafy stem occur, and in N. Anatolia plants with 2 stigmas and large capsules and seeds are not uncommon. A. brachylobum, A. cappadocicum, A. sintenisii and A. leianthum are based on different characters: size of leaves, length of ovary and calyx lobes etc. These characters are very variable and not correlated. A. cilicicum, described from C5 Adana, and Asyneumopsis stipitatum from B5 Nevşehir, fall within the variation of A. virgatum but differ in their chromosome number (2n = 24, A. virgatum 2n = 20). Further studies based on experimental and cytological data are needed. Probably there may be more taxa in Turkey. Very often, especially in Turkish collections, aberrant plants which had been ± eaten by goats were found. The exact identification of this material, to which A. obtusifolium and A. aizoon are referable, is difficult or impossible.