A. scorodoprasum L., Sp. PL 297 (1 753).
  Bulb depressed-globose to ovoid, 1-2 cm diam., often with stipitate bulblets; outer tunics brown, breaking up into fibrous strips; bulbiets numerous, black, brown or violet. Stem 25-90 cm, erect. Leaves 2-5, 2-8(-1 5) mm broad, flat or canaliculate, scabrid on margins, sheathing lower 1/3-1/2 of stem. Spathe 1-valved, c. 1.5 cm, shortly beaked, caducous. Umbel subglobose, 1-4(-6)crn diam., nodding in bud. Pedicels unequal, lower very short, upper to 8x perianth, with numerous bracteoles at base. Perianth campanulate, ovoid-cannpan-ulate or o void-pyramidal; segments lilac to deep purple, connivent, outer 4.5 mm, lanceolate or narrowly ovate, scabrid on back or along keel, inner 5-5.5 mm, elliptic or oblong-ovate, subacute or obtuse. Filaments included or sub-exserted, ciliolate at base; median cusp c. 1 /4-1/3 x basal lamina; lateral cusps 2-3 x median cusp. Capsule c. 4-5 mm.
1. Umbel with bulbils; flowers few or none subsp. scorodoprasum
1. Umbel without bulbils, many-flowered, subglobose or hemispherical
   2. Outer perianth segments dark purple, inner paler, elliptic, usually with broad whitish margin or almost white subsp. rotundum
   2. Outer and inner perianth segments uniformly coloured, inner oblong-ovate
      3. Perianth segments pinkish or rose-violet; umbel usually compact, often almost capitate subsp. jajlae
      3. Perianth segments dark purple-violet subsp. waldsteinii
subsp. scorodoprasum. Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 10: t. 490 f. 1073 (1848); Hegi, 111. FL Mittel-Eur. 2:216, f. 334(1909). Map 23.
  Type: [Sweden] Öland (Hb. Linn. 419/12, left-hand specimen - designated by Wilde-Duyfjes in Taxon 22:83, 1973;cf. also Steam in Ann. Mus. Goulan-dris 4:179, 1978).
  Turkey-in-Europe, N.E., C. & S. Anatolia; scattered. A1(E) Edirne: Saray-içi, A. & T. Baytop (ISTE 6563)! A1/2(E) Kirklareli: Iğneada, nr Koca G., N. & E. Özhatay (ISTE 30031)! A7 Gümüşane: Karagoell Dagh (Karagöl Da.), above Artabir (Ertabil), Sint. 1894:7347! B3 Eskişehir: nr Eskişehir, Porsuk Suyu, 15 vii 1947, T. Baytop! C5 lçel: Bulghar Maden (Bolkar Maden), Siehe 1898:132!
  Mainly N., C. & E. Europe, extending S. to Bulgaria and Crimea. Euro-Sib. element.
subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn in Ann. Mus. Goulandris 4:178 (1978). Syn: A. rotundum L., Sp. P1. ed. 2:423 (1762); A. porphyroprasum Heldr. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6:394 (1898). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl.Germ. 10: t. 492f. 1079 (1848), as A. rotundum; Rech. fil., Fl. Iranica 76: t. 5 f. 74 (1971). Figure 6. Map 23. 2n = 32.
  Described from S. Europe. Lectotype (designated by Wilde-Duyfjes in Taxon 22:80, 1973): 'Allium montanum capiterotundo', Haller (P-Hb. Haller 40: no. 7).
  Widespread. A1(E) Kirklareli: above Karadere, Karlitepe, 650 m, Koyuncu & Coşkun (AEF 2194)! A2(E) Istanbul: Halkali, 21 vi 1896, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: nr Maltepe, Kartal to Kadiköy, 1 vii 1894, Azn.! A3 Bolu: Abant G., 1400 m, Sorger 69-4-133! A4 Cankiri: Çerkeş to Ismetpaşa, 3 km E.of Ismetpaşa, 1200 m, Mertens & Pasche 79/42! A5 Çorum: Osmancik to Kargi, 600 m, Tobey 2675! A6 Sivas: Yildiz Da., 2000 m, Sorger 76-8-8! A7 Trabzon: Trabzon, 120 m, Balls 397! A9 Çoruh: Ardanuç, 500 m, D. 30175! Bl lzmir: Karşıyaka, Runem. &Wendelbo 632! B2 Kütahya: Demirci, Sinararasi, 750 m, Seçmen et al. (EGE 14405)! B3 Eskişehir: 29 km from Polatli to Sivrihisar, 800 m, Coode & Jones 2279! B4 Ankara: 95 km S. of Ankara, Birand &M.Zohary 3022! B5Kayseri: 8 km from lncesu to Develi, Hub.-Mor. 11665! B6 Maraş: Binboğa Da., 1600 m, D. 19931! B7 Erzincan: Munzur Silsilesi, N.W. side of TayranDa., KizilTepe, 1 525 m, Watsonetal. 3250! B8Erzurum: 30 km W. of Erzurum, 1780 m, M. Zohary 67313! B9 Ağri: d. Suluçem (Musun), S. end of BalikG., 2300 m, D. 47265! Cl Muğla: Muğla to Marmaris, Koyuncu et al. (AEF 2100)! C2 Antalya: Gömbe, c. 31 km S.W. of Elmali, 1150 m, Sorger 65-25-5! C3 Antalya: 30 km from Antalya to Burdur, 220 m, D. 35698! C4 Konya: nr Koraş, 1600 m, Siehe 1912:512! C5 Adana: nr Pozanti, Aberdeen Univ. Amanus Exped. Gl 406! C6 Hatay: Nur Da., 16 km S.W. of Yarpuz, 2000 m, Buttler & Erben 17872! C7 Adiyaman: 45 km from Adiyaman to Kömur, 1090 m, Kit-Tan 2024! C8 Mardin: Mardin to Nusaybin, 750 m, D. 28487! Is: lmroz (Gökçeada), Seçmen & Leblebici 2029! Lesvos, nrWatusa,Rech. 5892! Samos, mt. Ambelos, 700 m, Rech. 2188!
  S. & C. Europe, Caucasus, N. & W. Iran, Iraq, W. Syria. Medit. element.
subsp. jajlae (Vved.) Stearn in Ann. Mus. Goulandris 4:179 (1978). Syn:A. rotundum L. var. melleum Miscz. in Grossh., Fl. Kavk. ed. 1, 1:206 (1928); A. jajlae Vved. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gosud. Univ. 19:126 (1934). Ic: Rix & Phillips, Bulb Book 144(e) (1981). Map 23. Fl. 5-6. Calcareous and disturbed clay slopes, grassy places, field borders, beaches, on sand and loam, nrs.l.-1400 m.
  Type: [USSR, Crimea] Nikitskai yaila, 29 vi 1924, Wulff (holo. LE).
N. & E. Anatolia. A4 Kastamonu: above Küre, 800 m, Coşkun & Çelik (AEF 2191)! A5 Sinop: Sinop, S. promontory, 1 m, Tobey 1028! Samsun:
Kizilirmak, after Asar, 250 m, Tobey 2261! A6 Samsun: c. 5 km S.E. of Sam-sun, 40 m, It. Leyd. 1959:1937! B8 Bingöl: 2 km from Solhan to Muş, Van der Maesen 2139! B9 Bitlis: nr Bitlis, 13 vi 1916, Schischkin.
Crimea, Caucasus. Euxine element. Two specimens from Samsun (Çetirli Knar Köy, Bafra, 50 m, Tobey 253! 5 km S.E. of Samsun, 30 m, lt. Leyd. 1959:1930!) have laxer umbels and longer, reflexed outer perianth segments. In the latter character they are somewhat similar to A. erubescent C. Koch, but differ in shape of perianth segments.
subsp. waldsteinii(G.Don) Steam in Ann. Mus.Goulandris 4:179 (1978). Syn: A. ampeloprasum sensu Waldst. & Kit., PI. Rar. Hung. 1: t. 82 (1801) non L. (1753); A. waldsteinii G. Don, Monogr. All. 7 (1827); A. rotundum L. var. waldsteinianum Schultes & Schultes fil., Syst. Veg. 7:1011 (1830); A. rotundum L. subsp. waldsteinii (G. Don) K. Richter, PL Eur. 1:201 (1890). Map 23. Fl 6-7. Fields, meadows, slopes, 1500-1900 m.
  Type: [Turkey Bl Izmir] in arvis et pratis Smyrnae, G. Don (nolo. BM?).
W., S.W. & E. Anatolia; very scattered. A9 Kars: nr Karakurt (Grossheim 2: map 138). B8 Erzurum: 84kmN.of Muş, nrTepeköy, 1500m, M.Zohary 57131! B9 Bitlis: Tatvan, 1750 m, D. 22212! C3 Antalya: Ak Da., 17 vii 1882, Luschan.
N.E. Italy, N. Jugoslavia, N.E. Romania, N. Hungary, C. & S. Russia, Caucasia. Euro-Sib, element? In perianth shape the specimens from Bitlis and Erzurum are similar to subsp. jajlae as well as subsp. waldsteinii but the colour indicated on the field labels (dark purple) points rather to subsp. waldsteinii.
A. tmoleum O. Schwarz (Feddes Rep. 36:71, 1934), described from Bl Izmir: Tmolus mons occidentalis, Ciplakdag supra Armutlu, in rupibus schist-osis, 800-1200 m, O. Schwarz 933 (holo. B! iso. ANK), is similar in general habitat to A. scorodoprasum and resembles subsp. waldsteinii in the shape of the perianth. It is possibly synonymous with the latter; although Schwarz described the perianth segments as rose, recent collections from the type ioc-ality have (according to the labels) dark red perianth segments. It is possible that A. tmoleum is merely a late-collected specimen of subsp. waldsteinii in which the perianth colour has faded.
Steam's subdivision of A. scorodoprasum into the above four subspecies is based mainly on the colour of the perianth segments. The latter is seldom noted on herbarium labels and may change after anthesis, especially as a result of pressing and drying. Some Anatolian specimens are therefore included in the corresponding subspecies only with hesitation.
According to Vvedensky (Fl. URSS 4:246, 1935), Feinbrun (Pal. J. Bot., Jer.Ser.3:10, 1943) and Mouterde (Nouv. Fl. Lib. Syr. 1:266, 1966),A. cilic-icum Boiss. should be included within subsp. rotundum. In fact, in structure of bulb tunics, shape and colour of perianth segments and inner filaments this taxon is very similar to subsp. rotundum; it differs in its less tall stems, narrower leaves, smaller umbels, shorter pedicels and rather scabrid perianth segments, and probably represents a high mountain form of A, scorodoprasum subsp. rotundum.