Scrophulariaceae

S. libanotica Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(12):36 (1853). Figure 19, p. 613.
Very variable saxatile perennial. Stems 16-75 cm, glabrous to densely glan-dular-puberulent. Lower leaves petiolate (petiole 5-40 mm), upper subsessile to sessile; lamina thick, glabrous to densely glandular, margin simply to doubly dentate, bicrenate, or rarely pinnatifid. Inflorescence usually aphyllous; cymes 2-7-flovvered. Peduncle 1-2.5 cm; pedicel l.5-6(-7.5) mm, densely glandular to subglabrous. Bracteoles l-4.5(-6) mm, lanceolate to narrowly linear, densely glandular to ± glabrous. Calyx lobes ovate to suborbicular, 2-3 x 1.5-2 mm, glabrous or glandular; scarious margin white, 0.3-0.6 mm broad. Corolla greenish- to brownish-pink, or maroon, 4-5.5 mm; stamens included or shortly exserted; staminode variable, oblong to broadly ovate, orbicular, rarely 3-5-lobed, occasionally transversely reniform. Capsules globular, apiculate, 3-5 x 3.5-5 mm. Fl. 4-7. Rocky slopes and crevices (usually limestone), 200-3050 m.
1. Corolla greenish- or brownish-pink
  2. Staminode orbicular in outline, with 3-5 rounded lobes subsp. armena
  2. Staminode variable, but lacking lobes subsp. libanotica
   3. Plants densely glandular
    4. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or -sect, or undivided with coarsely bidentate margin; staminode transversely reniform or oblong var. mesogitana
    4. Leaves undivided, ovate, with crenate or acutely dentate margin; staminode suborbicular var. sivasica
   3. Plants glabrous to (usually sparingly) glandular
     5. Ripe capsules dark buff to chestnut; staminode ± linear var. pontica 5. Ripe capsules red-brown to pale buff; staminode ovate-spathulate, often with acute apex var. libanotica
1. Corolla maroon
      6. Plants glabrous to sparingly glandular
       7. Staminode spathulate to linear; leaves not glaucous; cymes reduced to 1-2 flowers var. oligantha
       7. Staminode ovate to orbicular; leaves often glaucous; cymes dichasial, 3- or more-flowered var. australis
      6. Plants densely glandular
        8. Calyx glandular var. nevshehirensis
        8. Calyx glabrous
         9. Leaves often bright green when dry; staminode ovate to spathulate var. urartuënsis
         9. Leaves dull dark green when dry; staminode spathulate to linear var. cappadocica
subsp. libanotica.
var. urartuënsis R.Mill in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 36:18 (1978).
Type: Turkey B9 Van: N. side of Erek Da., above Değirmenköy, 2300 m, 6 vi 1966, Davis 44440 (holo. E!).
E. Anatolia. B8 Erzurum: 10 km N. of Hinis, 1630 m, D. 46234! 20 km from Hinis to Pasinler, N. side of pass, 1900 m, D. 46344! B9 Van: 2 km N.E. of Van, 1800 m, D. 44279! B9/10 Ağri: Ağri to Doğubayazit, 1670 m, M.Zohary & Plitm. 2261-15! BIO Ağri: 3 km E, of Doğubayazit, 1750 m, D. 43936! C9 Hakkari: Elkiyayla Da. above pass between Marunis and Beytüşşebap, 2550 m, D. 45344! CIO Hakkari: Cilo Da. below Cilo Y., 2745 m, D. 23968!
Endemic. Ir.-Tur. element.

Scrophularia libanotica BOISS. subsp. libanotica BOISS. var. urartuensis R. MILL	Scrophularia libanotica BOISS. subsp. libanotica BOISS. var. urartuensis R. MILL	Scrophularia libanotica BOISS. subsp. libanotica BOISS. var. urartuensis R. MILL	Scrophularia libanotica BOISS. subsp. libanotica BOISS. var. urartuensis R. MILL
Scrophularia libanotica BOISS. subsp. libanotica BOISS. var. urartuensis R. MILL	Scrophularia libanotica BOISS. subsp. libanotica BOISS. var. urartuensis R. MILL	Scrophularia libanotica BOISS. subsp. libanotica BOISS. var. urartuensis R. MILL