P. brutia Ten., Prodr. Fl. Nap., 1: 57 (1811). Syn: P. pity usa Stev. in Bull. S<pc. Nat. Mosc. 1: 49 (1838). Ic.: Clinton-Baker, Illustr. Conif. 1: t. 10 (1909). Map 9, p. 73.
Tree with a straight trunk and branches, up to 25 m. Twigs glabrous, usually reddish in the first year, becoming greyish brown, rarely all greyish. Buds non-resinous, the scales recurved and fimbriate. Leaves up to 180 x 0.5-1.5 mm, flaccid, light green. Cones elongate, brown, usually more than 2 borne together. Scales usually with a depression containing the umbo. Peduncles very short to almost absent, the cones erect or ascending, never deflexed. Frequently a dominant forest tree, s.l-1200 m (at much lower altitudes in N. Anatolia than in S.).
Type: [Italy] in nemoribus Calabriae occidentalis: Aspromonte, Tenore.
Outer Anatolia, Turkey-in-Europe & Islands. A2 Bilecik: nr. Osmaneli, 100 m, D. 36353! A3 Zonguldak: Zonguldak, 30-50 m, D. 37579! A4 Zonguldak: Yenice, 150 m, D. 37966! A4 Sinop: Ayancik, 5-10 m, D. 38152! B2 Kütahya: Gediz to Murat Da., 900 m, D. 36880! C1 Aydin: d. Söke, Samsun Da., 300-900 m, D. 18370! C2 Muğla: Marmaris to Emecik, 100 m, D. 25342! C3 Antalya: Akseki, Walter 375OA! C4 Antalya: Alanya, Kühne 1456! C5 Seyhan: d. Feke, below Himmetli, 700-800 m, D. 19851! C6 Malatya: Doğanşehir to Pazarcik, 1000 m, D. 27750! Is.: Ikaria, Fors.-Maj. 391! Samos, Runemark et al. S. Italy, S. Aegean, Crimea, Cyprus, N. Iraq, W. Syria, W. Caucasus. In the broad sense, an E. Medit. element. From a distance the tree may be readily distinguished from P. nigra subsp. pallasiana by its light green foliage.