Orchidaceae

O. mascula (L.) L., Fl. Suec. ed. 2:310 (1755).
subsp. pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) G. Camus, Monogr. Orchid. Eur. 156 (1908). Syn: O. pinetorum Boiss. & Kotschy in Boiss., Fl. Or. 5:68 (1882)! Ic: Renz in Rech. fil., Fl. Iranica 126: t. 36 (1978). Map 99.
Plant 20-40 cm. Stem slender, often flexuous. Basal leaves 4-6, obovate to oblong, spreading, c. 8-12 x Î.5-3 cm, shining-green, unspotted (seldom faintly marked with dark lines near base). Spike cylindrical, lax, many-flowered. Flowers mauve to red. Sepals obtuse, lateral ones spreading to re flexed. Label-lum 3-lobed, convex, with few darker dots near base or undotted; middle lobe elongate, clearly exceeding the ovate İateral lobes, reniform to nearly 2-lobed. Spur slightly curved upwards, ± dilated at tip, ± equalling ovary. Fl. 5-6. Glades and edges of coniferous forest, Fagus forest, Quercus scrub, 150-2400 m.
Type: [Turkey C5 Adana] in sylvis subalpinis montium Kassan Oghlu Cili-ciae orientalis ad pagum Gorumse (Görümze nr Feke), 1645 m, [1859],Kotschy 71 (holo. G!).
Widespread. A1(E) Edirne: Yeniceköy nr Edirne, Ertem (ISTE 25028)! A2(A) Bursa:nr Bursa, Krause 5299! A3 Ankara: Atça nr Beypazari, 1500m, Akman (ANK 8986)' A4 Kastamonu: Kastamonu to Araç, 1200 m, T. Baytop (ISTE 11375)! A5 Amasya: Akdağ above Amasya, Maniss. 1085! A6 Samsun: Amasya to Samsun, above Çakalli, 500-600 m, Bornm. 1899:871! A7 Gümü-şane: Darsosdagh (nr Surda, 5 km S.E. of Gümüşane), Sint. 1894:5820! A8 Çoruh: above Artvin, 1900-2000 m, Renz & Taub. 12116! A9 Kars: 12 km from Karakurt to Sarikamiş, 2000 m, Taub. 81.271! Bl Izmir: Takhtali Da. (above Kemalpaşa), 700-800 m, Bornm. 1906:10022! B2 Balikesir: Sindirgi-beli pass, 550 m, Taub. 76.52! B3 Eskişehir: Sündiken Da., 1300-1600 m, Ekim 697! B4 Ankara: Beynam forest above Bala, 1400 m, Gassner (ANK 10090)! B5 Yozgat: Aktaş nr Akdagmadeni, Curtis 135! B6 Kayseri: 10 km S. of Pinarbaş, 16OO-1700 m, Taub. 81.108! B7 Tunceli: c. 10 km S.of Tunceli, 1050 m, Taub. 78.278! B8 Bingöl: 30 km from Bingöl to Solhan, 1450 m, Taub. 81.164! B9 Bitlis: nr Reşadiye, S. of Van G., 1700 m, Renz & E. Sezik 12976! C2 Denizli: Saraova çiftlik, between Denizli and Tavas, 1200 m, Renz 985! C3 Antalya: Şamliyaka nr Akseki, E. Sezik (ISTE 7711)! C4 Konya: 3 km S. of Hadim, 1550 m, Renz 2958! C5 Içel: Gusgutathal, Siehe 1896:267! C6 Hatay: Amanus, 1500-1600 m, Hub .-Mor. 1 4012! C9 Hakkari: W. slope of Suvarihalil pass, 2200 m, Taub. 81.234! C10 Hakkari: 38 km from Yüksekova to Şemdinli, 1500 m, Taub. 81.249! Is: Samos, S. of Warl-iotis, 400-900 m, Runem. & Snog. 19917. Rodhos (Kalteisen & Willing, op. cit., I981:map 39).
Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon; possibly also in Greece, Aegean, Cyprus, Palestine, Latakia? E. Medit. element. Subsp. pinetorum, a characteristic plant in the Near East, clearly differs from the European subsp. mascula in having a slender habit, spreading obovate shining-green unspotted leaves, a lax spike with mauve to bright rose flowers with few markings, and the elongate reniform middle lobe of the labellum. Forms having leaves suffused blackish-red and with dark lines on their sheaths occasionally occur (A5 Çorum: Iskilip above Karmiş, 1300 m, Coode & Jones 1751! B5 Yozgat: Akdagmadeni, Aktaş, Curtis 135!). Specimens from N.E. Anatolia (A7 Trabzon: Mesuraç Da., 2400 m, Balls 435! A8 Çoruh: N. slope of Yalnizçam pass, 2200 m, Renz & Taub.12130!) and from Is: Samos, Gölz & Reinhard (op. cit. 48, 1981) approach subsp. mascula in some characters (e.g. denser spike, purple flowers, well-spotted lip). More material is needed to decide whether these specimens really are transitional to subsp. mascula (which is recorded from neighbouring eastern territories) or only extreme variants of subsp. pinetorum. The occurrence of typical subsp. mascula in S.W. Anatolia (as mentioned in the literature) is rather improbable.
The record of subsp. olbiensis (Reuter ex Greiner) Aschers. & Graebn. from Rodhos (Achtaroff & Kellerer in Mitt. Nat. Mus. Sofia 12:206,1937) is almost certainly a misidentification of O. anatolica. Subsp. olbiensis is only known from the W. Mediterranean.